Answer:
peptide antigens by MHC class II molecules
Explanation:
Helper T cells are activated by peptide antigens by MHC class II molecules. These antigens express on the surface of antigen-presenting cells (APCs). After activation, the T helper cells divide and secrete cytokines to assist the immune response.
Selective logging—the practice of removing one or two trees and leaving the rest intact—is often considered a sustainable alternative to clear-cutting, in which a large swath of forest is cut down, leaving little behind except wood debris and a denuded landscape.
Answer: C. Cancer
Explanation:
Current cancer immunotherapies mainly focus on CD8+ T cells. Given the heterogeneous nature of cancer, personalized cancer immunotherapy that integrates the power of both CD8+ T cells in adaptive immunity and NK cells in innate immunity might be the future direction, along with precision targeting and effective delivery of tumor-specific, memory CD8+ T cells and NK cells.
Answer:
Heat energy is required to establish the electron transport chain
Explanation:
The rest of the choices are true about mitochondrial chemiosmosis
left one going up is evaporation. top one is condensation. the one next to that is precipitation. then I forgot the other too, sorry.
