The type of hormone, such as the steroid, which passes directly through the cell membrane to nuclear receptors to cause changes in gene expression within the cell, is known as hydrophobic.
Hydrophobic steroid hormones are transported in the circulation, largely bound to plasma carrier proteins. Steroids are overall hydrophobic because of they have common tetracyclic hydrocarbon core.
Hence, the steroid hormones are lipid-soluble in hydrophobic environments and they able to pass through the cell membrane of cell. Steroid hormones have the ability bind with receptors and change their structure and causing that complex to easily pass into the nucleus in order to alter or change gene expression.
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Pests in food establishments are usually very good vectors of many types of diseases, not just food borne illnesses (rats for example used to carry the fleas that carry the bubonic plague). Pests are very good at contaminating foods, as they will not only contact food in storage, but they will eat (so contact with saliva), lay eggs or have their young around, and will defecate and urinate. This means that it is highly likely to cause some food borne or other illness.
