Answer:
What is meant by "bias due to selective survival" in cross-sectional studies?
First lets understand what is selective bias in cross-sectional studies. Basically its the bias that occurs when the random sample data for some analysis is selected in improperly. Such a selected sample is not able to represent the population that is to be analyzed. The reason is the improper randomization. So "bias due to selective survival" means that only the survival participants or survivors can be considered in this cross sectional studies. So if there is more probability of exposed cases to survive than unexposed cases or it could also be possible that unexposed cases have more probability to survive than exposed ones, so in either case the conclusion drawn from this cross sectional studies may differ from the proper cohort study. So the selective bias is introduced. Hence we can say that there is bias due to selective survival.
Step-by-step explanation:
Under what circumstances might there be no selective survival bias even if the selection probabilities are not all equal?
If the cross product of selection probabilities equals 1. Then there might be no selective survival bias even if the selection probabilities are not all equal. As we know that the cross product of odd ratio of selection probabilities is 1 means there is no relation between exposure and consequence or outcome and there is no bias in odd ratio.
Suppose that you could assess that the direction of possible selective survival bias in your study was towards the null. If your study data yielded a non-statistically significant odds ratio of 1.04, would it be correct to conclude that there was no exposure-disease association in your source population?
It would not be correct to conclude that there was no exposure-disease association in your source population because if the possible selective survival bias in the study was towards the null then this implies that the true odds ratio would be larger than 1.04. and therefore likely to be large and also differ statistically for the null value.
Since cosine is negative in the second and 3rd quadrant, the required angles are 120 and 240 degrees
<h3>Trigonometry identity</h3>
Trigonometry identities are expressed as a function of cosine, sine and tangent.
Given the trigonometry expression shown
4cos2θ+9=−14cosθ
Equate to zero
4cos2θ+9 + 14cosθ = 0
According to trig identity
cos2θ = 2cos²θ - 1
Substitute to have:
4(2cos²θ - 1)+9 + 14cosθ = 0
Expand
8cos²θ - 4 + 9 + 14cosθ = 0
8cos²θ+ 14cosθ + 5 = 0
let P = cosθ to have;
8P² + 14P + 5 = 0
Factorize the result
8P² + 10P + 4P + 5 = 0
2P(4P+5)+1(4P+5)=0
(2P+1) = 0 and 4P+5 = 0
2P = -1 and P = -5/4
P = -1/2 and -5/4
Recall that P = cosθ
If P = -1/2
cosθ = -1/2
θ = -60
Since cosine is negative in the second and 3rd quadrant, the required angles are 120 and 240 degrees
Learn more on trigonometry identity here: brainly.com/question/24349828
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Answer:
x and y = 4
Step-by-step explanation:
Since y=x ---> x=2x-4
-x -x
0=x-4
+4 +4 ------------------> Therefore, x= 4 and y= y
If you could graph both lines you would find they intersect at (4,4)
*Hint: In order to determine the slope and y-intercept of these equations, the number combined with the x is the slope and the last number is the y-intercept.
The answer would be C. Slope = 5, y-intercept is (0,4)
The answer to your question is:
27x³3y
