The Empire of Ghana, the Mali Kingdom, and the Songhai Kingdom were the three great ancient African kingdoms.
The Empire of Ghana (300-900CE).
The Ghana empire was the first of the great West African empires. It was the smallest but longest surviving of the three kingdoms.
The empire was mainly trading gold and ivory with the Arabs and Berbers in exchange for salt.
Ghana became the point of trade between the Arabs and Berbers in the northern regions and other African communities to the south.
The Kingdom of Mali (1230-1464 CE).
The Mali kingdom was the richest of the three kingdoms. It came out after conquering the ancient Ghana kingdom by Musa the First King or Emperor.
It took over the wealth of Ghana and successfully expanded its trade. The kingdom grew to become the richest, having a strong and formidable army of over 100,000 men.
Trade grew more during the reign of Emperor Musa and he traveled to Mecca with lots of gold he gave out as gifts on his way. He was remembered as the richest man that ever lived.
The Kingdom of Songhai(1400-1500 CE).
The kingdom of the Songhai empire took over from Mali Empire when Askia Muhammad took the position of the King. Songhai became the main trading center for Asians and Europeans, continuing the ancestral trade in gold, ivory, and salt.
It became the largest kingdom in Western Africa and was believed to have some of Africa’s earliest organized taxation systems and trade regulations.
Therefore, Ghana Empire, Mali Empire, and the Songhai Empire were the three great African kingdoms.
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