Answer:
respiration and decomposition
Explanation:
Respiration is when animals breathe in oxygen and use it to produce energy, releasing carbon dioxide and water as by-products. In simpler terms, it is the act of breathing.
In secondary succession, the pioneer species are plants that are adapted to exploit disturbances rather than bare rock. They typically include plants such as grasses, birch trees, and fireweed. Organic matter from the pioneer species improves the soil so other trees and plants can move into the area.
Soil composition would be best for availability of nutrients, water, and root development higher proportion of humus; lower amounts of clay and sand
Compared to the lower soil layers, the topsoil or surface soil often includes more organic matter and air but less clay. The topsoil typically has the highest concentration of plant roots and is more fertile than the other layers.
- Nutrient management includes managing the composition of the soil. Minerals, organic material, water, and air are the fundamental elements of soil. Typically, 45% of the soil is made up of minerals. 5% organic material 20–30% water and 20–30% air are used. At best, these percentages are merely generalizations.
- Numerous nutrients are found in soil, which are obtained from dead plants and animals. The plants eat these nutrients as nourishment. So soil contributes to the growth of plants by giving them sustenance in the form of nutrients.
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