B) In the process of the citric cycle that occurs in the mitochondrial matrix, electrons from this chemical pathways move from one protein complex to another and are ultimately accepted by oxygen molecule in the formation a water molecule. Concomitantly, protons are transported to the intermembrane space. Accumulation of H+ ions in the mitochondrial membrane creates an electromotive force that is harnessed by ATP synthase to enable the phosphorylation of an ADP to ATP.
A) A leaky membrane, therefore, would interfere with the accumulation of protons in the intermembrane space. This will reduce the electromotive force that is harness by the ATP synthase to produce ATP by phosphorylation of ADP. Consequently, this defective mitochondria will produce less ATPs than a healthy mitochondria.
<h3>prey and its food source</h3>
The presence of a top predator also helps to maintain balance in an ecosystem by influencing the behaviour and movements of its prey through the fear of being caught.
<h3>What is Trophic Cascade ?</h3>
trophic cascade, an ecological phenomenon triggered by the addition or removal of top predators and involving reciprocal changes in the relative populations of predator and prey through a food chain
- When a top predator is removed from an ecosystem, a series knock-on effects are felt throughout all the levels in a food web, as each level is regulated by the one above it.
- The results of these trophic cascades can lead to an ecosystem being completely transformed.
Learn more about Trophic Cascade here:
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Answer:
Explanation:
Remember, the 20 kinds of amino acids differ because of their R groups. These R groups also have different chemical bonding. There are R groups that form covalent bonds, some that form ionic bonds, and still others that form hydrogen bonds.
