1. There are 52 cards in a standard deck. There is also a total of 4 jacks and 4 queens of these 52 cards. So, the probability of drawing either a jack or a queen after one pick would be 8/52 = 2/13.
2. There are 4 jacks, and 13 spades. However, one of those jacks is a jack of spades. So, instead of 17 possible picks, one overlaps, resulting in 16 possible picks. This is represented by 16/52 = 4/13.
