Answer:
A. If the aerobic pathway—cellular respiration—cannot meet the energy demand, then the anaerobic pathway—lactic acid fermentation—starts up, resulting in lactic acid buildup and "oxygen debt."
D. The rate of energy demand determines how the muscles will obtain energy, either from cellular respiration or from lactic acid fermentation if not enough oxygen is present.
Explanation:
It is important to consider that Kenny hikes all day but at a steady pace, whereas Janelle runs very fast. So Kenny's case, the supply of oxygen is sufficient to maintain aerobic respiration within the muscle cells. During this process only CO2, Water, and ATP are produced; therefore, there is no oxygen debt. We should keep in mind that the body shifts to anaerobic metabolism only when the supply of oxygen is limited.
In Janelle's case, running fast would need energy at higher rates and the supply of oxygen would not be sufficient to generate a high amount of ATPs. Therefore, to compensate for this deficiency, cells will start fermenting glucose to lactic acid and produce ATP and maintain energy demands. This lactic acid causes fatigue and this is why Janelle has aching and breathing hard. Breathing hard is also automatic reflux to inhale more oxygen and meet oxygen demands but even breathing hard would not be able to make it and the body will shift to anaerobic respiration automatically.
Answer:
They have a gizzard to grind the food.
Explanation:
Birds cannot chew since they have no teeth. However, the beak allows them to split very large seeds or swallow them directly.
For their digestion they have a stomach where digestion enzymes are released. Also they have a gizzard that is an organ that grinds the food mechanically. This gizzard usually has small stones inside that were previously ingested and that helps to digest the food.
<span>This theory is called punctuated equilibrium. In this theory it is explained that there are very long periods of no change at all to a species, yet there are also bursts of evolutionary change interspersed within the time period. The period of remaining the same throughout time (most of the time) is called stasis, and is present within this theory of punctuated equilibrium.</span>
Answer:
Light microscopes can only magnify up to 2000 times the original size. It is difficult to enhance the contrast between cells and their surroundings to see cell structure and movement with a light microscope.
Explanation:
k12
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