The philosopher who differed from Confucius by emphasizing that humans should practice universal love was Mo Tzu (Mozi).<span>Mozi was the founder of the Mohist philosophy. The philosophy advocated for brotherly love which meant sharing the essentials such as food, clothing, and shelter. He taught that all humans should practice universal love.</span>
Sophia loves to read books. Her parents think that reading books is important, so they reward her with $5 every time she reads a book. Over time, Sophia realizes that she really doesn’t love books all that much. this an example of the over-justification effect.
Answer: Option C
<u>Explanation:</u>
The over-justification effect is a result or event that reduces the interest over some action to perform when doing that action is being rewarded. This over-justification is the result when losing happiness or pleasure while doing it.
The joy attained while doing that action acts as the reward itself. When those actions are rewarded for things that will make to ask a question within themselves. That these rewards as things are valuable than your joy or happiness attained.
Thus it can diminish the motivations or interest in your favorite action of doing something. Sometimes it also results in the behavior since the activities getting changed due to the lack of interest.
Answer with Explanation:
Overt and Covert research methods are both used in <em>observing subjects.</em> The main difference relies on the "awareness" of the <em>subjects/participants</em> being studied.
In an overt research method, the subjects are <u>aware</u> that they are participating in the study while in a covert research method, the subjects are <u>unaware.</u>
The advantages of overt research method is that the participants have <em>informed consent.</em> So, whatever happens is not the fault of the researcher. Since the participants are aware, it becomes easier for the researcher to record events in their presence. On the contrary, it brings about some disadvantages. Since the participants know that they are being observed, they may be<em> inclined to change their behavior.</em> This is called the "Hawthorne Effect." This affects the validity of the outcome of the research.
The advantages of the covert research method is its <u>more valid outcome of research.</u> The participants are <em>naturally behaving,</em> which means that it is more valid as a method than the overt. It is also easier to access closed groups because they are unaware you are observing them. However, one disadvantage is the "deception" it needs to tackle as it <em>doesn't ask informed consen</em>t from its subjects. This has always raised ethical concern, especially for people who value their privacy.
So, this explains the answer.
