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Juliette [100K]
3 years ago
7

A gas with a volume of 4.0 L at a pressure of 2.02 atm is allowed to expand to a volume of 12.0

Chemistry
1 answer:
Maurinko [17]3 years ago
4 0
<h3>Answer:</h3>

P₂ = 0.67 atm

<h3>General Formulas and Concepts:</h3>

<u>Math</u>

<u>Pre-Algebra</u>

Order of Operations: BPEMDAS

  1. Brackets
  2. Parenthesis
  3. Exponents
  4. Multiplication
  5. Division
  6. Addition
  7. Subtraction
  • Left to Right  

Equality Properties

  • Multiplication Property of Equality
  • Division Property of Equality
  • Addition Property of Equality
  • Subtraction Property of Equality<u> </u>

<u>Chemistry</u>

<u>Gas Laws</u>

Boyle's Law: P₁V₁ = P₂V₂

  • P₁ is pressure 1
  • V₁ is volume 1
  • P₂ is pressure 2
  • V₂ is volume 2
<h3>Explanation:</h3>

<u>Step 1: Define</u>

[Given] P₁ = 2.02 atm

[Given] V₁ = 4.0 L

[Given] V₂ = 12.0 L

[Solve] P₂

<u>Step 2: Solve</u>

  1. Substitute in variables [Boyle's Law]:                                                              (2.02 atm)(4.0 L) = P₂(12.0 L)
  2. [Pressure] Multiply:                                                                                           8.08 atm · L = P₂(12.0 L)
  3. [Pressure] [Division Property of Equality] Isolate unknown:                          0.673333 atm = P₂
  4. [Pressure] Rewrite:                                                                                           P₂ = 0.673333 atm

<u>Step 3: Check</u>

<em>Follow sig fig rules and round. We are given 2 sig figs as our smallest.</em>

0.673333 atm ≈ 0.67 atm

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Answer:

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d) See explanation below

Explanation:

The partial pressure is given by Raoult´s law as:

Pa = Xa Pºa where Pa = partial pressure of component A

                               Xa = mole fraction of A

                               Pºa = vapor pressure of pure A

For a binary solution what we have to do is compute the partial  vapor pressure of each component and then add them together to get total vapor pressure.

In order to calculate the composition of the vapor  in part b), we will first calculate the mole fraction of each component in the vapor which is given by the relationship:

          Xa = Pa/Pt where Xa = mol fraction of  in the vapor

                                       Pa = partial pressure of A as calculated above

                                        Pt = total vapor pressure

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 MW octane = 114.23 g/mol

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mol octane = 50.0 g/ 114.23 g/mol = 0.44 mol

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c) We will call Y the mole fraction in the vapor to differentiate it from the mole fraction in solution

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Y octane (in the vapor) = 5.12 torr/ 29.42 torr = 0.17

d) To solve this part   we will assume that since the molecular weights are similar then having a mole fraction for heptane of 0.82, we could say that for every mole of mixture we have 0.82 mol heptane and 0.17 mol octane  and then we can calculate the masses:

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0.17 mol x 114.23 g/mol =  19.4 g

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% octane = 19 %

There is another way to do this more exactly by calculating the average molecular weight of the mixture:

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mass octane = 0.17 x  114.23 g/mol = 19.4 g

mass of mixture = 1 mol x MW mixture = 1 mol x 102.6 g/mol 102.6 g

% heptane = (83.2 g/ 102.6 g ) x 100 g = 81 %

% octane = 100 - 81 = 19 %

d)The composition of the vapor is different from the composition of the solution because the vapor is going to be richer in the more volatile compound in the solution which in this case is heptane ( 45.8  vs 10.9 torr).

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