Populations
communities
ecosystem
biosphere
<span>The genotype is
required for you to use a punnet square. In the construction of a punnet's
square, the genotypes of both parents are required. In the three by three
square, the first column shows the genetic representation of one parent and the
first row shows the genotype of the other parent. The two are combined, and
they yield a genetic combination of both parents, giving all the possible
outcomes of the offspring's genotypes. Using the punnet's square, you can be
able to identify the percentage of the offspring that will be heterozygous or
homozygous.</span>
A cladogram (from Greek clados "branch" and gramma "character") is a diagram used in cladistics to show relations among organisms. ... These branching off points represent a hypothetical ancestor (not an actual entity) which can be inferred to exhibit the traits shared among the terminal taxa above it.
im not sure if this is what the class is considerd but i know that it avians,aka birds
O do not receive enough oxygen during a strenuous exercise.