A disturbance would be things like lava, flows, newly formed sand dunes, or rocks left from a retreating glacier. These are disturbances because Primary Successions happen in lifeless areas, which soil is incapable of sustaining life.
To answer this we need to analyze each statement
camouflage, mimicry, and stingers: This is meant to escape predation and fend off predators, so this is the correct answer.
hibernation and migration: This is meant for breeding and or food energy storage, to pass hard seasons so is also incorrect.
courtship and breeding behaviors: This is meant for reproduction and to ensure offspring so this is incorrect.
nesting and food gathering: this is a behavior for survival, resource use rather than defense, si this is not correct.
Assuming this is supposed to be a multiple choice question- I think the correct answer would be “early onset of spring change in marine ecosystems” because it looks like the question is asking what it wouldn’t affect, and I’m sure if the people had to leave, that animals would’ve all had to leave as well!
It is a mode of natural selection where an extreme phenotype is favored by the other phenotypes causing the allele frequency to shift over time in the direction of that phenotype
Answer:
Dead plant matter
Explanation:
Saprotrophs feed by a process known as absorptive nutrition, in which the nutritional substrate (e.g., dead organism or other nonliving organic matter) is directly digested by a variety of enzymes that are excreted by the saprotroph.
