Answer :
(1) pH = 1.27
(2) pH = 13.35
(3) The given solution is not a buffer.
Explanation :
<u>(1) 53.1 mM HCl</u>
Concentration of HCl = 
As HCl is a strong acid. So, it dissociates completely to give hydrogen ion and chloride ion.
So, Concentration of hydrogen ion= 
pH : It is defined as the negative logarithm of hydrogen ion concentration.
![pH=-\log [H^+]](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=pH%3D-%5Clog%20%5BH%5E%2B%5D)


<u>(2) 0.223 M KOH</u>
Concentration of KOH = 0.223 M
As KOH is a strong base. So, it dissociates completely to give hydroxide ion and potassium ion.
So, Concentration of hydroxide ion= 0.223 M
Now we have to calculate the pOH.
![pOH=-\log [OH^-]](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=pOH%3D-%5Clog%20%5BOH%5E-%5D)


Now we have to calculate the pH.

<u>(3) 53.1 mM HCl + 0.223 M KOH</u>
Buffer : It is defined as a solution that maintain the pH of the solution by adding the small amount of acid or a base.
It is not a buffer because HCl is a strong acid and KOH is a strong base. Both dissociates completely.
As we know that the pH of strong acid and strong base solution is always 7.
So, the given solution is not a buffer.
Answer:
Aluminum nitrate is a salt composed of aluminum and nitric acid, belonging to a group of reactive chemicals - organic nitrate and nitrite compounds. The nitrate ion is polyatomic, meaning it is composed of two or more ions that are covalently bonded. This ion makes up the conjugate base of nitric acid.
Explanation:
Answer: Food production industry
Explanation:
Cooling is a process used mainly to reduce the temperature of food to either enter a different process or for storage purposes.
The temperature reached by the cooling process is usually between -1 and 8 degrees celcius.
There are several information's already given in the question. Based on the information's the answer can be easily deduced.
We know the formula
<span>P1*V1/T1 = P2*V2/T2
</span>
As the temperature is constant, so T1 and T2 can be negated. The formula changes to
<span>P1*V1 = P2*V2
</span>70 * 1 = 540 * V2
270/540 = V2
<span>V2 = 0.5
</span>
From the above deduction, we can conclude that the new volume is 0.5 liters. I hope that the procedure is clear enough for you to understand.