These are elements of the Theory of social learning. This theory was written by Albert Bandura. He explains in his theory that learning processes are governed by certain behavioral and observational processes; Consider that we learn from children first through observation, calling this process modeled, then we learn it through the reinforcement we receive from the people around us.
Finally, another learning process theorist, Festinger, postulates that cognitive dissonances are created when two or more ideas or beliefs occur at the same time and are not compatible with each other. For example, you want to eat something sweet and, at the same time, you worry about gaining weight. And these dissonances are also forms of learning.
In 711 the armies of Islam conquered the Iberian Peninsula, which now became the westernmost outpost of the Islamic empire. Most of the Peninsula remained under Islamic rule until the early 13th century.
The correct answer is known as "Non-Suicidal Self-Injury".
Non-Suicidal Self-Injury is more seen in adolescents, because adolescents tend to feel more anxiety and depression during their adolescent days. Adolescents use this kind of behavior in hopes of relieving stress and anxiety.
