Answer:
The molar concentration of Cu²⁺ in the initial solution is 6.964x10⁻⁴ M.
Explanation:
The first step to solving this problem is calculating the number of moles of Cu(NO₃)₂ added to the solution:

n = 1.375x10⁻⁵ mol
The second step is relating the number of moles to the signal. We know the the n calculated before is equivalent to a signal increase of 19.9 units (45.1-25.2):
1.375x10⁻⁵ mol _________ 19.9 units
x _________ 25.2 units
x = 1.741x10⁻⁵mol
Finally, we can calculate the Cu²⁺ concentration :
C = 1.741x10⁻⁵mol / 0.025 L
C = 6.964x10⁻⁴ M
Insulation wraps because independent is the variable you are changing to affect the dependent variable (what you are measuring)
Any substance that accept a proton by definition is considered to be BRONSTED LOWRY BASE.
Bronsted Lowry defined acid and base on the basis of donating or accepting protons. In the Bronsted Lowry classification of acid and base, an acid is defined as a substance which donate proton while a base is defined as a substance which accept proton.
Answer:

Explanation:
Balanced equation: CO(g) + H₂O(g) ⟶ CO₂(g) + H₂(g)
We can calculate the enthalpy change of a reaction by using the enthalpies of formation of reactants and products

(a) Enthalpies of formation of reactants and products

(b) Total enthalpies of reactants and products

(c) Enthalpy of reaction