Answer:
Activation of the ring towards substitution: NH2, OCOCH3
Withdrawal of electrons through resonance. COOH, SO3H
Explanation:
During electrophilic substitution, certain substituents may activate or deactivate the benzene ring.
Substitients that activate or deactivate the benzene ring may do so via resonance or inductive effect.
Groups such as -NH2 and OCOCH3 activate the ring via resonance while groups such as -SO3H and -COOH deactivate the ring via resonance.
■<em> </em><em>L</em><em>i</em><em>N</em><em>O</em><em>3</em><em> </em><em>=</em><em> </em><em>Lithium nitrate Inorganic compound with the formula LiNO₃. It is the lithium salt of nitric acid. It is obtained from the reaction of lithium carbonate or lithium hydroxide with nitric acid.</em>
■ <em>CaO</em><em> </em><em>=</em><em> </em><em>Calcium oxide (CaO) or quicklime is a kind of chemical compound with a wide range of uses.</em>
■ <em>C</em><em>2</em><em>N</em><em>2</em><em> </em><em>=</em><em> </em><em>Cyanogen is the chemical compound with the formula formula (CN). It is a colorless, toxic gas with a pungent odor. The molecule is a pseudohalogen. Cyanogen molecules consist of two CN groups - similar to diatomic halogen molecules such as Cl₂, but much less oxidizing</em><em>.</em>
■ <em>M</em><em>g</em><em>S</em><em>O</em><em>4</em><em> </em><em>=</em><em> </em><em>Magnesium sulfate is an inorganic salt (chemical compound) with the chemical formula MgSO4, containing magnesium, sulfur and oxygen.</em>
■ <em>Fe2O3 = Iron Oxide; It has compounds such as iron chromate (FeCrO4), Iron Phosphate (Fe2P), Iron Sulphide (FeS). Iron oxides in black iron oxide (FeO), red (Fe203) and black (Fe3O4) colors give beige, yellow, brown, red, black colors according to their additive ratios.</em>
■ <em>P3N5</em><em> </em><em>=</em><em> </em><em>Triphosphorus pentanitride is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula P formulaN₅. Containing only phosphorus and nitrogen, this material is classified as a binary nitride. No application has been developed for this material. It is a white solid, but samples often appear colored due to impurities.</em>
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All hydrogen ions are formed from a 'core' H3O+. They are not fixed structures in aqueous solution but exist as 'flickering' clusters, as with other water clusters, with hydrogen bonding water molecules continuously coming and going. The lifetimes of the clusters are independent of the lifetime of individual linkages.
The relationship between molecular velocities and temperature is a direct relationship. Basically their relationship is directly proportional