For the first one its NOW, I'm not sure about the 2nd, the 3rd I think is penal code cases but i could be wrong, and the 4th one sounds like voting is the most logical answer.
<span>To reduce chances of system failure, engineers may use process control. This is a system which involves activities that ensures the whole process variables can be predicted and controlled to prevent failure. This involves the use of safety valves and sensors.</span>