For this one you can use 3/8 + 3/8 since 3+3 is equals to 6 and the 8 stays as it is.
I hope this helps.
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18, you have 3 choices for the bottom because you can't use the small one, 3 choices for the next because you can now use the small one, 2 for the next and finally 1. You multiply all of them to get 18
The ball will hit the ground between 8 and 9 seconds
Here you go!!! I hope this helps