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Answer:
Passice immunity
Explanation:
Breast milk, produced by female mammals (including humans), besides being rich in fat and protein is full of IgA. IgA is the immunoglobulin (immune system signal proteins) that is present in body secretions, such as milk.
The baby that is fed from the mother's breast ingests these defense proteins that allow it to tolerate different pathogens and toxins.
It is considered passive immunity, as it does not generate memory and depends on a continuous dose to maintain defense levels.
Answer: A federally funded research study involving children 8 to 12 years old involves collecting a single voided urine sample to assess the frequency of asymptomatic <em>proteinuria</em>.
Your IRB has determined that assent of children age 8 and older is required for the study. A 10 year old firmly declined to participate in the study.
The best procedure that describes the <u>action </u>to be taken by the investigator is:
- Honor the Childs decision .
Explanation:
The <em>purpose</em> of the IRB is to <em>assure that appropriate steps are taken</em> to <em>protect the rights </em>and welfare of humans participating as subjects in a research study. It promotes <em>fully informed and voluntary participation</em> by prospective subjects capable of making such choices (or, if that is not possible, informed permission given by a suitable proxy), and seeks to maximize the safety of subjects.
The capacity admits degrees. The same patient may be able to decide certain things and not others. So, the more transcendent or delicate a decision is, the higher the level of capacity required must be. When the patient <u>is not capable, it is up to his relatives to make the decisions.</u>
