Answer:
+3
Explanation:
The oxygen all have a -2 oxidation state. (peroxides are exceptions)
The chemical structure is symmetrical. Both carbon are equivalent.
2 (oxidation state of carbon) + 4 (oxidation state of oxygen) = charge of ion.
2 (oxidation state of carbon) + 4 (-2) = -2
oxidation state of carbon = +3
Alchemists advanced the tools and procedures for working with chemicals. Alchemists also developed methods for sorting out mixtures and cleansing chemicals. They designed equipment that is still in use today including beakers, flasks, tongs, funnels, and the mortar and pestle. Also, Alchemists backed to an unbelievable variety of what would later be acquainted as chemical industries: basic metallurgy, metalworking, the invention of inks, dyes, paints, and cosmetics, leather-tanning, and the preparation of extracts and liquors.
Sadly some information is missing
Answer:
the ability to breed successfully
Explanation: