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MA_775_DIABLO [31]
3 years ago
15

Explique en que consiste el funcionamiento del SNC y SNP en el acto reflejo mencionando a lo menos 2 características del proceso

Biology
1 answer:
Alborosie3 years ago
3 0

Answer:

SNP → Envía la información de los estimulos al SNC (neuronas aferentes) y lleva una respuesta hacia los efectores (neuronas eferentes).

SNC → Recibe la informacion que envia el SNP, la procesa y envía una respuesta hacia el organo efector (interneuronas).

Explanation:

Al hablar del arco reflejo se hace referencia a la secuencia de pasos que se llevan a cabo para que el cuerpo reaccione ante un estímulo externo.  

En términos gerenales, el sistema nervioso periférico recibe informacion a modo de estimulo del medio externo. Esta información es enviada al sistema nervioso central, donde se procesa y se envía una respuesta adecuada en función del estimulo. Este mecanismo es el arco reflejo.

Existen tres tipos de neuronas involucradas en el arco reflejo.  

  • Neuronas aferentes o sensoriales
  • Interneuronas
  • Neuronas eferentes o motoras

Modo de acción:  

  • Rama ascendente

El estímulo llega al cuerpo y es recibido por receptores sensoriales especializados que responden a ellos. La<em> información recibida</em> por estos receptores, es<em> convertida de energia del estímulo</em> (temperatura, luz, presión, etc) <em>a energia del potencial de acción</em>.  

Las<u> neuronas aferentes</u>, ubicadas en la<em> dermis y epidermis,</em> <u>reciben </u>la <u>información</u> de los receptores, reaccionan al estímulo y <u>envian </u>esa información <u>al sistema nervioso</u> central a modo de impulsos nerviosos.

  • Rama descendente

Una vez que la información llega al sistema nervioso central, es procesada por las <u>interneuronas</u>, quienes cumplen la función de análisis y procesamiento de toda la información para enviar una respuesta. Las interneuronas <em>manejan muchas de las señales sensoriales, las evaluan, las comparan, y envian una respuesta motora</em>.

Las <u>neuronas eferentes</u> reciben esta respuesta de las interneuronas, y son estimuladas para llevar estas nuevas señales desde el sistema nervioso central hacia las células de los organos efectores. <em>El órgano efector en general puede ser un músculo o una glándula. </em>

Finalmente, el tejido de destino responde al estimulo a modo de contracción, en caso de tratarse de un músculo, o de liberación hormonal, en caso de tratarse de una glándula.

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