Answer:
B. Glucose
Explanation:
Carbohydrates include sugars, starch, cellulose, and glycogen. Carbohydrates are the primary sources of energy for most organisms. The sugar glucose is the main source of energy for cells.
<h2>Protein folding </h2>
Explanation:
- Molecular chaperones bind to nascent and folding or misfolded proteins (through improperly exposed hydrophobic regions) and stabilize the polypeptide so it can fold into its native state
- They have the ability to prevent non-specific aggregation by binding to non-native proteins
- They play an important role in protecting cells from being damaged under environmental stress, such as extreme heat, poisoning, or mental stress
- Most common chaperones are heat shock proteins which are also called stress proteins
- The intracellular folding environment for proteins is chaotic because of the presence of other biomolecules, folding proteins, improper or fluctuating pH, heat, and other denaturants
- Chaperonins provide actual chambers for misfolded proteins to properly refold, segregating the protein from the chaotic cellular environment.
- The main key function of chaperonins is to assist in the folding of large protein molecules
Answer:
order of least damaging is b, a, c and d
Explanation:
The 4 kinds of point mutations here present different consequences after a change of a single base pair. The silent point mutation is the least damaging because the alteration of the nucleotide does not implies on a different codon. Missense and nonsense point mutations will imply on a change of a entire different codon and a change of a entire codon to a stop codon, respectively. The missense could be a less aggressive mutation than a nonsense because the codon change may affect only in a small proportion of the entire protein, but the nonsense can be very aggressive by making the protein smaller than it is. The frameshift can cause severe modifications on the whole final protein because almost every codon might code for a different aminoacid leading to a whole new protein.