-- Before he jumps, the mass of (Isaac + boat) = (300 + 62) = 362 kg, their speed toward the dock is 0.5 m/s, and their linear momentum is
Momentum = (mass) x (speed) = (362kg x 0.5m/s) = <u>181 kg-m/s</u>
<u>relative to the dock</u>. So this is the frame in which we'll need to conserve momentum after his dramatic leap.
After the jump:
-- Just as Isaac is coiling his muscles and psyching himself up for the jump, he's still moving at 0.5 m/s toward the dock. A split second later, he has left the boat, and is flying through the air at a speed of 3 m/s relative to the boat. That's 3.5 m/s relative to the dock.
His momentum relative to the dock is (62 x 3.5) = 217 kg-m/s toward it.
But there was only 181 kg-m/s total momentum before the jump, and Isaac took away 217 of it in the direction of the dock. The boat must now provide (217 - 181) = 36 kg-m/s of momentum in the opposite direction, in order to keep the total momentum constant.
Without Isaac, the boat's mass is 300 kg, so
(300 x speed) = 36 kg-m/s .
Divide each side by 300: speed = 36/300 = <em>0.12 m/s ,</em> <u>away</u> from the dock. =======================================
Another way to do it . . . maybe easier . . . in the frame of the boat.
In the frame of the boat, before the jump, Isaac is not moving, so nobody and nothing has any momentum. The total momentum of the boat-centered frame is zero, which needs to be conserved.
Isaac jumps out at 3 m/s, giving himself (62 x 3) = 186 kg-m/s of momentum in the direction <u>toward</u> the dock.
Since 186 kg-m/s in that direction suddenly appeared out of nowhere, there must be 186 kg-m/s in the other direction too, in order to keep the total momentum zero.
In the frame of measurements from the boat, the boat itself must start moving in the direction opposite Isaac's jump, at just the right speed so that its momentum in that direction is 186 kg-m/s. The mass of the boat is 300 kg so (300 x speed) = 186
Divide each side by 300: speed = 186/300 = <em>0.62 m/s</em> <u>away</u> from the jump.
Is this the same answer as I got when I was in the frame of the dock ? I'm glad you asked. It sure doesn't look like it.
The boat is moving 0.62 m/s away from the jump-off point, and away from the dock. To somebody standing on the dock, the whole boat, with its intrepid passenger and its frame of reference, were initially moving toward the dock at 0.5 m/s. Start moving backwards away from <u>that</u> at 0.62 m/s, and the person standing on the dock sees you start to move away <u>from him</u> at 0.12 m/s, and <em><u>that's</u></em> the same answer that I got earlier, in the frame of reference tied to the dock.
yay !
By the way ... thanks for the 6 points. The warm cloudy water and crusty green bread are delicious.
Electromagnetic waves are waves that consist of vibrating electric and magnetic fields. They transfer energy through matter or across space. The transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves is called electromagnetic radiation. ... The two vibrating fields together form an electromagnetic wave.
As the potential difference between the battery terminals, is less than the rated value of the battery, this means that there is some loss in the internal resistance of the battery.
We can calculate this loss, applying Ohm's law to the internal resistance, as follows:
The value of the potential difference between the terminals of the battery, is just the voltage of the battery, minus the loss in the internal resistance, as follows:
We can solve for rint, as follows:
When the circuit draws from battery a current I of 0.469A, we can find the potential difference between the terminals of the battery, as follows:
As the current draw is larger, the loss in the internal resistance will be larger too, so the potential difference between the terminals of the battery will be lower.
