Answer:
O.
Explanation:
- The element which is oxidized is the element that losses electrons and its oxidation state be more positive.
- The element which is reduced is the element that gain electrons and its oxidation state be more negative.
<em> O goes from 0 to -2, so, it is the element that is reduced.</em>
Answer is: more H⁺ ions than OH⁻ ions.
<span>An Arrhenius acid is a
substance that dissociates in water to form hydrogen ions or
protons.
For example, hydrochloric acid dissociate in aqueous
solution to form hydrogen ions (H</span>⁺)
and chloride anion (Cl⁻):<span>
HCl(aq) → H</span>⁺(aq) + Cl⁻<span>(aq).
</span>
An Arrhenius base is a
substance that dissociates in water to form hydroxide ions (OH⁻<span>).
For example lithium hydroxide is an Arrhenius base:</span>
LiOH(aq) → Li⁺(aq) + OH⁻(aq).
<h2> Interconversion of energy.</h2>
Explanation:
- Carbon moves from plants and animals to soils in the form of cycle.
- When we take in oxygen we release carbon dioxide gas
into the atmosphere. - Animals and plants give carbon dioxide gas through the process called respiration and transpiration.
- From fossil fuels carbon moves in the atmosphere.
- The fuels like wood or coal when burned releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
- The Matter is conserved in the carbon cycle as carbon absorbs energy and then it releases the same amount of energy.
- Carbon changes from one form to another, but the total amount of carbon remains the same.
Answer:
(a) Three translational degrees of freedom, 2 rotational degrees. 5 total
Cv = 5/2 R; Cp = 7/2 R
(b) and (c) 6 total degrees of freedom ( 3 translational, 3 rotational)
Cv = 3 R ; Cp = 4R
Explanation:
(a) O₂
Oxygen being a diatomic molecule has three translational degrees of freedom and two rotational degrees of freedom since it can move in the three axis and can rotate around two.
(b) H₂O
This is a polyatomic molecule and it has three translational and three rotational degrees of freedom.
(c) Same as water it has three translational degrees of freedom and three rotational degrees of freedom
To calculate the heat capacities we have to make use of the equipartition theorem which tell us that for each degree of freedom imparts 1/2 R to the heat capacity at constant volume.
(a)
5 total degrees of freedom ⇒ Cv = 5/2 R
Cp ( heat capacity at constant pressure) is determined from the relation
Cp - Cv = R
Cp = 7/2 R for O2 molecule
(b) and (c)
Total degrees of freedom 6
Cv = 3 R
Cp = 4 R
Here we are ignoring any contribution of the vibrational modes to the contribution of the heat capacities
