Answer: What are the potential pitfalls of using diseased cells as the foundation for all stem cell research? Do you think this situation should be changed? What additional research or evolutionary concepts support your perspective?
Explanation:
Vesicles are used to ship materials around, into, and out of the cell. Cell membranes can pinch off in places to form vesicles, as can lysosome membranes and golgi membranes. Because mitochondria and chloroplasts are practically tiny cells within cells, I wouldn't be surprised if they had their own vesicles. If you're asking literally which organelles have vesicles inside them, I'd say the mitochondria and chloroplasts, possibly Golgi (depends on your instructor), but the cell membrane, lysosomes, and golgi can definitely make vesicles. The rough ER uses vesicles but I wouldn't consider the vesicles a part of the ER.
Answer:
1. The reason there is energy released in the process is because the products formed (ADP and hydrogenphosphate/phosphate) have stronger covalent bonds (plus intermolecular forces with the surrounding solution and dissolved ions) than the starting materials.
2. The end product of oxidative phosphorylation is ATP and water. ATP synthesis is coupled with the transfer of electrons to O2, which combines with protons to form water. Phosphorylation is the chemical addition of a phosphoryl group (PO3-) to an organic molecule. The removal of a phosphoryl group is called dephosphorylation. Both phosphorylation and dephosphorylation are carried out by enzymes (there are enzymes involved). kinases and phosphatases, From the family of Enzymes.
Answer:
Nodes of Ranvier are gaps in the myelin sheath coating on the neural axon. The myelin allows the electrical impulse to move quickly down the axon. The nodes of Ranvier allow for ions to diffuse in and out of the neuron, propagating the electrical signal down the axon.
