Answer:
They are used as an indicator organism for pathogenic bacteria.
Explanation:
Coliforms are bacteria found in digestive tract of animals and humans. They are non-pathogenic, easy to culture and are used as an alternative indirect testing for presence of other microorganisms. Coliforms thrive in exact environmental conditions like other pathogenic bacteria, thus often used to indicate whether they are bacteria found in drinking water and swimming pools that might end up causing infections.
Therefore the existence of coliforms in water easily indicates feacal contamination.
I think it's electric force. Not 100% sure but I hope it's right.
Answer:
These structures that protect the sponges from most predators, but not turtles, are spicules.
Explanation:
Sponges <em>skeleton</em> is composed of <em>calcium carbonate and siliceous</em> micro-structures called <u>spicules</u>. Their morphology is so varied that it is used in taxonomy for identification and classification.
There are different kinds of spicules:
- <em>Monoaxonic spicule</em>: needle-shaped, straights or curves
- <em>Tetraxonic spicules:</em> they have four prolongations
- <em>Triaxonic or Hexaxonic spicules</em>
- <em>Poliaxonic spicules </em>
Two terms can be applied to any of these spicules kinds:
- <em>Megaspicules</em>: They are elongated and compose the main architecture of the sponge skeleton
- <em>Microspicules</em>: Variable in shape and size, with ancillary functions
Sponges have few predators thank to the spicule structures and their high toxicity. Many of them are capable of perforating soft tissues and producing urticant substances.
The photosystems are sets of chlorophyll molecules and other pigments and transmembrane proteins packed in the thylakoids, the transfer of electrons from the primary electron acceptor of photosystem II to the P700 chlorophyll a molecules of photosystem I is called photophosphorylation.
<h3>What is photophosphorylation?</h3>
It is the global process of transformation of the energy stored in the electron of the reactive center excited by light, in a pyrophosphate bond of an ADP molecule.
When a photon is absorbed by one of the pigments of photosystem II, it quickly bounces off the other molecules until it reaches chlorophyll a in the reaction center.
The electron, after leaving photosystem II, reaches the reaction center of photosystem I, where chlorophyll P700 is, the pigments absorb light and the electron reacquires a high level of energy.
Therefore, we can conclude that when this molecule absorbs light energy, an electron is thrown up to a higher energy level and transferred to another molecule, a primary electron acceptor.
Learn more about photophosphorylation here: brainly.com/question/25193635
Answer: nitrates
Explanation:
Nitrogen fixation involves the conversion of atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia and organic derivatives, by natural means, especially such conversion, by microorganisms (nitrogen fixing bacteria) in the soil, into a form that can be assimilated by plants.
The easily accessible form by which nitrogen can be obtained by plants is nitrates, as they are very soluble in soil water and easily picked by plant root vessels
