<span>proton gradient</span> establishment
Chemiosmosis is the process that allows the diffusion of a
molecule or an atom through the membrane. Also, it is the movement of ions
across semipermeable membrane down their electrochemical gradients. In chloroplast,
chemiosmotic coupling is an important factor in ATP production through proton
gradient establishment.
The X can possibly be the sex chromosome. Like for human female we have the XX chromosomes and when the allele is on the X chromosome we write as X with a R as the superscript on top right.
Answer:
The fusion of a egg and a sperm produces a zygote with 46 (2n) chromosome number.
Answer:
3.
Explanation:
A classroom desktop is the least likely to grow bacteria because it is a relatively clean surface. The armpit of a human and a warm freshwater mud puddle are a more suitable habitat for bacteria because they are warm, and provide a relatively safe environment for them
