Answer:
i). Signed magnitude
Five bit representation = 11111
For positive 5 bit representation = 01111 = +15
For negative 5 bit representation = 11111 = -15
ii). One's complement
For positive 5 bit representation = 01111 =+15
For negative 5 bit representation = 10000 = -15
iii). Two's compliment
For positive 5 bit representation = 01111 = -15
For negative 5 bit representation = 10001 = +15
Answer: Strong 128-bit encryption.
Explanation: An individual character corresponds to 8 bits . So if there are 16 characters then,
16
8=128 bits keys
This makes the 128 bit key encryption the strongest amongst all other options.It is strongest because it is almost impossible to decode the 128-character key by any method e.g.-brute-force method.
Other options are incorrect because the characters given by the other bits are as follows: 
=32 characters
=64 characters
=128 characters
Thus, the strongest character key is of 128 bits. for cipher.
In python:
age = float(input("How old are you? "))
weight = float(input("How much do you weigh? "))
heart_rate = float(input("What's your heart rate? "))
time = float(input("What's the time? "))
print("The calories burned for men is {}, and the calories burned for women is {}.".format(
((age * 0.2017) - (weight * 0.09036) + (heart_rate * 0.6309) - 55.0969) * (time / 4.184),
((age * 0.074) - (weight * 0.05741) + (heart_rate * 0.4472) - 20.4022) * (time / 4.184)))
This is the program.
When you enter 49 155 148 60, the output is:
The calories burned for men is 489.77724665391963, and the calories burned for women is 580.939531548757.
Round to whatever you desire.
<h2>Yes the swap method exchange parameter values if passed by reference or the value gets changed inside the function.</h2>
Explanation:
Since the program is not given, I will try to guide you about the mode of parameters.
The meaning of swap is interchanging the values. It can be done by using temporary variable or without using it (if the values are integers).
While passing the parameters, there are two ways, call by value/pass by value and call by reference/ pass by reference.
If call by value, then the value gets swapped only inside the function and will not reflected in the calling portion. Call by reference is other way round.
