Answer:
d. ICMP Echo Reply (type 0)
Explanation:
ICMP or internet control message protocol is an Internet layer protocol in the TCP/IP suite. It works together with routing devices like the router to send messages based on results sensed in the network.
The RFC 1122 has stated that the ICMP server and end user application be configured or installed in user devices, for receiving and sending ICMP echo request packets and reply. The process is called pinging.
For an attacker to implement ping of ping, he needs to confirm if the target user in live by sending an ICMP echo request packet type 8, to receive an ICMP echo reply type0.
First three bytes of the ethernet address exists assigned to vendors to identify the equipment.
<h3>What is Ethernet address?</h3>
A media access control address stands for a unique identifier allocated to a network interface controller for usage as a network address in communications within a network segment. This use exists as standard in most IEEE 802 networking technologies, including Ethernet, Wi-Fi, and Bluetooth.
This address exists as the identifying mark that allows a networked computer to communicate with the Internet. The ethernet address exists how we can associate an “IP address” to an individual computer — without this– number, there's no form to access any servers, websites, email, etc.
The first three bytes (pairs of hexadecimal characters) of any unicast address include that vendor address component of the MAC address. The staying three bytes carry the serial number of that vendor's interface card. Dell, Inc. Apple, Inc.
Hence, first three bytes of the ethernet address exists assigned to vendors to identify the equipment.
To learn more about Ethernet address refer to:
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Answer:
The correct answer to the following question is option A. an avoidance spiral.
Explanation:
An avoidance spiral is a spiral in which parties avoid the conflicts at all cost in which leads to reducing the influence, dependence, etc. This spiral can also be destructive.
In other words, it is the only spiral in parties slowly reduces their dependence and the influence on the one and another.
Solution:
The process of transaction can guarantee the reliability of business applications. Locking resources is widely used in distributed transaction management (e.g; two phase commit, 2PC) to keep the system consistent. The locking mechanism, however, potentially results in various deadlocks. In service oriented architecture, the deadlock problem becomes even worse because multiple transactions try to lock shared resources in the unexpectable way due to the more randomicity of transaction requests, which has not been solved by existing research results. In this paper, we investigate how to prevent local deadlocks, caused by the resource competition among multiple sub-transactions of a gl obal transaction, and global deadlocks from the competition among different global transactions. We propose a replication based approach to avoid the local deadlocks, and a timestamp based approach to significantly mitigate the global deadlocks. A general algorithm is designed for both local and global deadlock prevention. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our deadlock prevention approach. Further, it is also proved that our approach provides higher system performance than traditional resource allocation schemes.
This is the required answer.
