Answer:
a. Chemiosmosis requires the formation of an electron gradient.
b. In aerobic eukaryotes, chemiosmosis leads to the production of water and up to 34 ATP.
c. In eukaryotes, chemiosmosis requires that protons diffuse through ATP synthase in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
Explanation:
Chemiosmosis theory has been proposed for understanding the procedure for the production of ATP in eukaryotic organisms. In the process of chemiosmosis the movement of ions takes place across the semi-permeable membrane according to the concentration gradient. In the whole procedure the electrons move through various complexes and electron acceptors and finally reach to the final electron acceptor, the Oxygen. Due to the movement of electrons the energy is released which is used to pump the protons across the membrane.
Answer:
RFLP analysis.
Explanation:
RFLP (Restriction fragment length polymorphism ) may be defined as a molecular technique used to determine the location of a particular gene in the DNA sequences. The individuals among the population can be easily identified by RFLP analysis.
The restriction enzyme is used for the digestion of DNA sample. The restriction fragments are then visualized by running the fragments on gel electrophoresis. The hybridization between single stranded nucleic acid is not involved in the RFLP.
Thus, the correct answer is option (1).
Ligament is a fibrous connective tissue which joins the bone to bone. It helps to keep the skeletal system in structure and provide stability to the skeletal system.