Many early political structures were governed by hereditary and patriarchal rulers. This was actual the main problem that were faced by the people during the early years. The rulers were never chosen on merit and hence some of the civilizations lost the glory that their previous generations created. Due to this fact the United States of America slowly moved away from this strategy and went for the merit based selection.
I believe the answer is option a

Indian Standards Institute.

Psychologists would call this recovered memory.
Denji was in a car accident when he was a small child, however, he managed to repress/forget about that until he was almost hit by a car again when he was an adult. This brought his memory to the surface and he suddenly recovered that memory he thought didn't even exist.