Answer:
See explanation and images attached
Explanation:
a) In the mechanism for the acid catalysed esterification of propanoic acid using ethanol, we can see that the first step is the protonation of the acid followed by nucleophillic attack of the alcohol. Loss of water and consequent deprotonation regenerates the acid catalyst. We can see the fate of the 18O labelled ethanol in the mechanism shown.
b) In the second mechanism, an unnamed ester is hydrolysed using an acid catalyst. The attack of the acid and subsequent nucleophillic attack of water labelled with 18O leads to the incorporation of this 18O into the product acid as shown in the mechanism attached to this answer.
Organism<span>. ' s rate of mutation is directly proportional to its adaptability. .... D. The cell membrane contains </span>genetic<span> information of the cell. .... </span>What<span> cellular structure was the dialysis tubing most likely</span>representing<span> in this experiment? ...... C </span>Rr<span> and </span>rr<span> only ... A healthy </span>individual<span> is a carrier of a lethal allele but is unaffected by it.</span>
Answer:
The atoms of chlorine are held together by non-polar covalent bonds. Covalent bonds are formed between two or more atoms having zero or very small electronegativity difference. For homonuclear molecules where the two bonding atom are of the same kind, the electronegativity difference is zero.
C. Atoms of chlorine (CI)
