The United Nations replaced the League of Nations. The League of Nations was a cross-country entity that was composed of many countries in Western Europe and also elsewhere that was supposed to regulate certain aspects of life that were important for all countries on Earth. However, it turned out there were certain key shortcoming of this union of nations, and later the United Nations were developed.
Guid books because they didn't have anyone to hand them the books and also people don't waste their time on books they are out there for gold
The North was able to replenish its military in the face of staggering loses on the battlefield by using the steady stream of new immigrants. The Irish would get recruited as soon as they got off the ship in New York.