Definition: "Copying of information from DNA to RNA which exit nucleus is known as transcription"
Explanation: Transcription is a vital process for living organisms, because it is a staring point for protein synthesis. It occurs inside the nucleus and is carried out by RNA polymerase enzyme. In eukaryotes RNA pol is of three types: these are RNA Pol 1, RNA Pol 2, and RNA Pol 3. In prokaryotes it is of only one type.
Steps in transcription: Transcription consists of three main steps
1. Initiation: In this step RNA pol attach to DNA template at 5 prime end in the promoter region to start the formation of complementary strand of RNA. In prokaryotes there is a region called
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Pribnow box, with the </span>consensus sequence<span> TATAAT present about 10 base pair away from site that serves as a transcription initiation. In eukaryotes the promoter region is more complex it contain activator and enhancer.
2. Strand elongation: </span><span>Once transcription is initiated, the DNA double helix unwinds and RNA polymerase reads the template strand, adding nucleotides to the 3′ end of the growing chain.
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3. Transcription Termination:
Terminator sequences are found close to the ends of non-coding sequences. Before termination polyadenylation occurs. <span>
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<span>The major structure that supplies the cells with nutrients and removes their waste is the circulatory system. The circulatory system is composed of the heart, the blood vessels going from and back to the heart, and the blood that travels inside them. The blood vessels that carry nutrient and oxygen-rich blood to the cells are arteries. They become the thinner arterioles, and then the thinnest capillaries. With the exception of the pulmonary arteries, which carry non-oxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs, all arteries carry oxygenated blood. The capillaries disburse the nutrients and oxygen to the cells and pick up wastes and carbon dioxide, form into the thicker venules, then to form veins, which lead back to the heart (with the exception of the pulmonary veins, which carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart). Veins also differ from arteries in that veins have valves to prevent blood from flowing backward.</span>
Plant cells, but not animal cells
Animal cells, but not plant cells
Both plant cells and animal cells
Neither animal cells nor plant cells
Answer:
Both plant cells and animal cells
Explanation:
The process where the energy locked up in food is extracted take place in both plants and animal cells.This process is called Cellular respiration.It is the process of combining inhaled and diffused oxygen in the blood with assimilated food substances (glucose,amino acids,fatty acids and glycerol) to produce energy.
In both cells it takes place in the the cytoplasm and mitochondrial.
It begins with Glycolysis, followed by Krebs's Cycle..These two steps gives certain of ATPs to these cells
.However,the largest amount of ATPs is synthesized during oxidative phosphorylation for maximum of energy to be produced.This process involved the chemiosmosis where protons were diffused into the intramembranes by the proton pump (PMF) and diffused back into the matrix of the mitochondria to generate the electrochemical gradients.
The electrochemical gradients generate the energy for enzymes ATPase synthase needed for phosphorylation of ADP with Pi to give ATPs.
The oxygen act act the final electron acceptor.
Answer:
Hypochlorhydria is a condition in which the quantity of stomach acids is reduced. When severe forms of hypochlorhydria arise, then it leads to a condition termed as Achlorhydria. The stomach stops producing hydrochloric acid at all in such a condition.
The effects of Achlorhydria would be devastating on the body. It will
- weaken or entirely stop the digestive process.
- impair the gastrointestinal system.
- stop the proper digestion of proteins.
- cause gastrointestinal infections to occur which would entirely damage the digestive system.
- lead to iron deficiency