Answer:
The correct answer is : C .It will decrease ATP production because fewer protons will be able flow down through ATP synthase.
Explanation:
- Oxidative Phosphorylation is a process which involves two steps:
- Transport of electrons from the reduced compounds like NADH (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydrogen) and FADH₂ (Flavin adenine dinucleotide dihydrogen) through the electron transport complexes, located in the inner mitochondrial membrane, to oxygen for the generation of water molecules.
- Synthesis of ATP or adenosine triphosphate from ADP or adenosine diphosphate and inorganic phosphate by an enzyme called ATP synthase which is located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. This enzyme harnesses energy by carrying protons from the inter-membrane space into the mitochondrial matrix and in the process produces ATP.
- Oxidative phosphorylation takes place in the mitochondria, especially involving the inter membrane space, inner membrane and mitochondrial matrix
- During the transport of electrons through the protein complexes (I, II, III, IV) of the electron transport chain a proton gradient is generated across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
- The proton gradient is such that the concentration of protons is more in the inter-membrane space and less in the matrix of the mitochondria.
- This proton gradient provides the energy to the ATP synthase for the synthesis of ATP.
- Dinitrophenol is responsible for making the inner mitochondrial membrane permeable to protons. As a result protons can directly diffuse through the inner mitochondrial membrane from the inter-membrane space into the mitochondrial matrix equalising the concentration of protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane. This causes distortion in the proton gradient. Hence, protons are no longer available for the ATP synthase to operate and synthesise ATP.
Answer:
D.->6N
Explanation:
This is because <-2 N + -> 8 N
= <-2 N + -> 2 N + -> 6 N
= 0 N + -> 6 N
= -> 6 N
Answer:
The cilia in the upper respiratory tract move mucus down toward the pharynx whereas the cilia in the lower respiratory tract move them up toward the pharynx.
Explanation:
Through the internal nares, the air enters nasopharynx from the nasal cavity. This air has dust-laden mucus. The nasopharynx is lined with ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium. These cilia move the mucus down toward the most inferior part of the pharynx. The lining of the larynx inferior to the vocal folds is made up of ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium and have ciliated columnar cells, goblet cells, and basal cells.
The goblet cells serve to produce and secrete mucus. The mucus from goblet cells helps trap dust that was not removed in the upper passages. Therefore, the cilia in the upper respiratory tract move mucus and trapped particles down toward the pharynx whereas the cilia in the lower respiratory tract move them up toward the pharynx.
Answer:
yellow
Green
Blue
Explanation: just saw the answers
