Answer:
Chemically altered nucleosides derived from canonical ribo-or deoxyribonucleoside-derivatives of adenosine, cytosine, guanosine, and uridine or thymidine are found in all types of nucleic acids, DNA and RNA. They are particularly abundant in noncoding RNAs, such as transfer RNAs and ribosomal RNA of higher organisms. By increasing the structural diversity of nucleic acids, modified nucleosides play important roles in gene expression and in regulating many aspects of RNA functions. They also contribute to nucleic acid stability and to protection of genetic materials against virus aggression. In this chapter we present a historical overview of the discovery, occurrence, and diversity of the many naturally occurring modified nucleosides that are present in both DNA and RNA of diverse organisms. We also briefly describe the different enzymes that accomplish these nucleic acid ‘decorations’. More information about the structure, function, biosynthesis and evolutionary aspects of selected modified nucleosides in DNA and RNA and their corresponding modification enzymes can be found elsewhere in this volume.
Explanation:
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Sucrose is sugar, sugar decays teeth
Answer:
A. preoperational stage
Explanation:
Cognitive development can be defined as the development of thought processes, skills, knowledge and problem-solving abilities from infancy through adulthood.
Jean Piaget was a developmental biologist and psychologist who worked extensively on cognitive development in infants and teenagers; these are judgement, knowledge and thoughts.
Jean Piaget's stages of cognitive development in an ascending order are;
I. Sensorimotor: this is between 0 - 2 years (18 - 24 months) where the child exhibits object permanence.
II. Preoperational: this is age 2 - 7 years where the child acts in an egocentric manner.
III. Concrete operational: this is age 7 through age 11 and the child thinks logically at this stage.
IV. Formal operational: this is from adolescence (11 years) through adulthood and focuses on logically thinking about abstractions.
Hence, the preoperational stage in Piaget's cognitive development theory reflects a child's egocentrism, which leads the child to act in a self-centered fashion.
Answer:
In future schooling, expectations would be that, the students choose classes that are at their skill level.
Explanation:
As the future education is expected to strengthen the learning process, it will be more student oriented learning. In order to incorporate this kind of learning, the system is expected to choose personalized teaching, so that students can choose subjects as per their skills.
This would enhance their expertise on any field. As every peer is different in their skills and education should focus on their strengths and not in weaknesses.
