Answer:
a. are found in bacterial lipopolysaccharide
Explanation:
Oligosaccharides are the carbohydrates which are made of approximately 3-10 units of monosaccharide. Oligosaccharides are bound to the lipids or the proteins to form the glycolipids and the glycoproteins respectively by the O-glycosidic or the N-glycosidic linkages. <u>They are found in the bacterial lipopolysaccharides especially cell wall lipopolysaccharides of the Gram negative bacteria. Llipopolysaccharide of the Gram negative bacteria consists of O-antigen that consists of repeated oligosaccharide units.</u>
Answer with Explanation:
Homeostasis<u> allows an organism to regulate its internal condition in order to adapt to a changing environment.</u> In order to maintain this, the positive and negative feedback mechanisms (loops) remain essential <em>when it comes to physiological processes that are deemed complicated.</em>
<em>Let's talk about the "Negative Feedback Loop."</em>
- The "baroreceptors" are sensors in the blood vessels.
- For example, when the body's temperature changes, the body's initial reaction is to return to its normal level. So, it goes the same way with blood pressure. When the baroreceptors sense an increase or a decrease in blood pressure, it communicates with the hypothalamus by sending a signal. Then, the hypothalamus sends a message to the organs that are responsible for returning the blood pressure to normal level. These organs are the heart, kidneys and blood vessels. So, if a person experiences a "dropping blood pressure," heart stimulation follows (causing an increase heart rate) due to hormonal vessel constriction. This also allows the kidney to retain more water, thereby increasing the blood pressure.
This is how all these elements work together to achieve homeostasis.
<h2>Cholinergic and Adrenergic neurons</h2>
Explanation:
The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is a dual innervations system which innervates internal organs of the body through the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system (PNS). Depending upon the neurotransmitter and receptor used, the ANS fibers are classified as cholinergic or adrenergic neurons.
The preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic and the preganglionic and postganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic nervous system release the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACH) and hence are called cholinergic neurons.
The postganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system releases catecholamine like norepinephrine(NE) and hence called as adrenergic neurons.
The cholinergic neurons store ACH in the synaptic terminals. They are myelinated to aid in faster neurotransmission. The ACH neurotransmitter released from preganglionic neurons activates the two receptors – nicotinic ACH and muscarinic receptors on the postganglionic neurons
.
The postganglionic neurons releasing NE binds to the adrenergic receptors – Alpha 1 and 2, Beta 1, 2, and 3.
Answer:
D
Explanation:
Stem cell research is controversial because the use of embryonic cells requires the destruction of an embryo.
