Answer:
Gravity. It is the pull we feel. Neither motion could happen nor mass could keep us on the ground without the existence of gravity.
Answer:
Distance will be 
Explanation:
We have given that Buffalo has a latitude of 42.9°N
And Raleigh has a latitude of 35.8°N
Radius of the earth = 3960 miles
We have to calculate the distance between given two cities
Difference in their latitudes = 
Now changing the angle in radian = 
So distance will be 
We begin by noting that the angle of incidence is the one that's taken with respect to the normal to the surface in question. In this case the angle of incidence is 30. The material is Flint Glass according to the original question. The refractive indez of air n1=1, the refractive index of red in flint glass is nred=1.57, finally for violet in the glass medium is nviolet=1.60. Snell's Law dictates:

Where

differs for each wavelenght, that means violet and red will have different refractive indices in the glass.
In the second figure provided details are given on which are the angles in question,

is the distance between both rays.


At what distance d from the incidence normal will the beams land at the bottom?
For violet we have:

For red we have:

We finally have: