1. Cinder cones develop from explosive eruptions of mafic (heavy, dark ferromagnesian) and intermediate lavas and are often found along the flanks of shield volcanoes. The outside of the cone is often inclined at about 30°, the angle of repose (the slope at which the loose cinder can stand in equilibrium).
2. Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) is a numeric scale that measures the relative explosivity of historic eruptions. Volume of products, eruption cloud height, and qualitative observations (using terms ranging from "gentle" to "mega-colossal") are used to determine the explosivity value. The Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) was derived to catalogue the explosive magnitude of historical eruptions, based on the order of magnitude of erupted mass, and gives a general indication as to the height the eruptive column reached.
The oesophagus is the region of the alimentary canal where the food passes without the absorption of nutrients. In oesophagus, we find peristalticmovement which is basically rhythmic contraction and relaxation of the oesophagus in order to facilitate the easy passage for the food to pass from mouth to stomach.
The oesophagus is a muscular tube which measures about 8 inches long.