Answer:
I think its genotypes.
Explanation:
I learned about this in 7th grade and genotypes are what make up genes.
Answer: Possible life in non earthlike environments.
Explanation: As per the information provided in the question, the microbe located in California's Lake Mono has a variation in the shape of its DNA as they use arsenic ( if phosphorous was once no longer available) to comprise in the nucleotides of their DNA.
This shows the possibility of life structure in the non-earth-like environment because existence types that originated on earth like environment possess carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and phosphorous ( that is composed of four fundamental elements).
But existence can additionally be shaped in an environment that lacks phosphorous ( for instance, DNA shaped in microbes utilized arsenic in absence of phosphorous, indicating version in their structure).
The body's nonspecific defiance against invading pathogens is known as innate immunity and includes the following:
mechanical barriers and surface secretions
1. The intact skin and mucous membranes of the body. These provide a high degree of protection against pathogens.
2. The sebaceous secretions and sweat of the skin contain bactericidal and fungicidal fatty acids that can kill bacteria and fungi.
3. Normal bacterial flora of the skin may produce various antimicrobial substances such as bacteriocines and acids.
Humoral defence mechanisms
1. Lysozyme. This is an enzyme found in most tissue fluids apart from cerebrospinal fluid, urine, and sweat. It can kill bacteria.
2. Interferon. Inhibits viruses from replicating
3. Complement. This is a heat labile serum that can destroy gram-negative bacteria.
Answer:
Nutrient cycle is a process of movement, reuse or recycling of nutrients in that particular environment. They are for both living and nonliving things, elements like carbon, oxygen are recycled through such cycles.
Nutrient cycle in an ecosystem involve:
- carbon cycle
- nitrogen cycle
- oxygen cycle
- phosphorus cycle
The answer is D) Disease.
