Judicial activism is the act of passing ruling in a court not according to the law, but to personal beliefs and preferences. The opposite of judicial activism is judicial restraint, in which the judges follow the constitution exactly and abstain from passing ruling not specified in the constitution.
Explanation:
to ensure the monopoly of spice trades and to take advantage of their rivalries that pitted Hindus against muslims
Answer:
Social Issues and Community Interactions
This chapter examines social issues involved in the siting and operation of waste-incineration facilities (such as incinerators and industrial boilers and furnaces), including possible social, economic, and psychological effects of incineration and how these might influence community interactions and estimates of health effects. Issues with respect to perceptions and values of local residents are also considered. In addition, this chapter addresses risk communication issues and approaches for involving the general public to a greater extent in siting and other decisions concerning incineration facilities. The committee recognized at the outset of its study that the social, economic, and psychological effects for a particular waste-incineration facility might be favorable, neutral, or adverse depending on many site-specific conditions and characteristics. However, the current state of understanding for many issues considered in this chapter is such that little or no data specific to waste incineration were available for analysis by the committee. In such cases, the committee identified key issues that should be addressed in the near future.
The social, psychological, and economic impacts of incineration facilities on their locales are even less well documented and understood than the health effects of waste incineration. When environmental-impact assessments are required for proposed federal or state actions, they typically must include socioeconomic-impact assessments, but the latter are often sketchy at best. They also might be given short shrift in the decision-making process (Wolf 1980; Freudenburg 1989; Rickson et al. 1990). Furthermore, these socioeconomic assessments attempt to be prospective—that is, they assess the likely effects of proposed actions. Little research has been done to evaluate systematically the socioeco-
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Suggested Citation:"Social Issues and Community Interactions." National Research Council. 2000. Waste Incineration and Public Health. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5803.×
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nomic impacts of controversial waste-treatment or waste-disposal facilities that have been in place for several years or more (Finsterbusch 1985; Seyfrit 1988; English et al. 1991; Freudenburg and Gramling 1992). Moreover, the committee is not aware of any studies of the effects of removing an established incinerator. One reason for the lack of cumulative, retrospective socioeconomic-impact research is the lack of sufficient data. Although incineration facilities must routinely monitor and record emissions of specified pollutants, health-monitoring studies before or after a facility begins operation are only rarely performed, and periodic studies of the socioeconomic impacts of a facility over time are virtually nonexistent, partly because of methodological problems (Armour 1988) and the absence of regulations that necessitate continued monitoring of socioeconomic impacts.
Explanation:
Well police work constitutes several different factors. One is to detect crime, and that more often than not, in all developed nations, involves surveillance and "Intel" on suspicious personnel. This can range from your day to day uniformed officers to the more high end types like covert FBI and CIA who are most often than not, seen wearing plainclothes.
Next is to deter crime, and this is done as a preventive action. This can come through the form of having good relationships with the surrounding community, building up support from the grassroots and of course, addressing the issues and crime related concerns poised by these stakeholders.
And the most commonly seen type of policing, would be the normal day to day patrol officers. These officers are deemed to be the front-liners against vice and criminal activities, and often than not perceived as the only backbone of policing work.
However, alike all corporate organizations, each police force has a wide range of supporting services which ensures the functionality of the police. But in essence, the above 3 factors constitutes the seen and unseen "backbone" of police work. Hope this helps:)<span />
Answer:
4th amendment...
Explanation:
Mapp v. Ohio, 367 U.S. 643 (1961), was a landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court in which the Court ruled that the exclusionary rule, which prevents prosecutors from using evidence in court that was obtained by violating the Fourth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, applies not only to the U.S. federal government, ...
Hope this helps
:D
goodbye
