In the nephron, approximately 20 percent of the blood gets filtered under pressure through the walls of the glomerular capillaries and Bowman's capsule. The filtrate is composed of water, ions (sodium, potassium, chloride), glucose and small proteins (less than 30,000 daltons -- a dalton is a unit of molecular weight). The rate of filtration is approximately 125 ml/min or 45 gallons (180 liters) each day. Considering that you have 7 to 8 liters of blood in your body, this means that your entire blood volume gets filtered approximately 20 to 25 times each day! Also, the amount of any substance that gets filtered is the product of the concentration of that substance in the blood and the rate of filtration. So the higher the concentration, the greater the amount filtered or the greater the filtration rate, the more substance gets filtered.
This filtration process is much like the making of espresso or cappuccino. In a cappuccino machine, water is forced under pressure through a fine sieve containing ground coffee; the filtrate is the brewed coffee. The arrangement of the glomerular capillaries in series with the peritubular capillaries is important to maintain a constant pressure in the glomerular capillaries, and thus a constant rate of filtration, despite momentary fluctuations in blood pressure. Once the filtrate has entered the Bowman's capsule, it flows through the lumen of the nephron into the proximal tubule.
Answer:
Development
Explanation:
Development is the process that organisms undergo beginning with fertilization and continuing until an organism reaches maturity. It includes cell division and differentiation.
It involves progressive changes that occurs in an organism including a plant, animal or bacteria. Changes usually occur in shape, function and size throughout the life of the organism.
Examples of development is the metamorphosis of a tadpole to an adult frog or the metamorphosis if a larva to an adult insect or even the process of development from a fertilized egg all through to the maturation of a human.
Answer:
3)Metabotropic receptors open an ion channel through the action of a G protein
Explanation:
Postsynaptic inhibition and excitation are similar, or much the same. Neurotransmitters are getting attached to receptors and they are opening or closing ion channels that are in the cell and since that they are similar this statement is false.
Iigand-gated ion channels are type of membrane-bound receptors so this statement is also false.
Binding neurotransmitters and metabotropic receptors can activate G-proteins. Then, the G-proteins interact with other channels or they can bind to some other protein.
Electron transport chain and the Calvin cycle are two essential metabolic reactions that play a significant role in our bodily processes. Electron transport chain produces ATP and NADPH. Calvin cycle, on the other hand, uses the ATP as energy to produce sugar and carbohydrates. Thus,
electron transport chain: ATP/NADPH::Calvin cycle:sugars/carbohydrates
Answer:
forest fires.
Explanation:
Carbon on Earth is found in both living and nonliving matter. In order for carbon to be continuously available, it must be recycled. The process through which carbon is made available in the atmosphere is through forest fires.
The burning of forest trees and plants is known as combustion.
Combustion can be defined as an exothermic chemical reaction between physical substances, usually in the presence of oxygen and hydrocarbons to produce heat, light and carbon.
This ultimately implies that, the burning of a forest (forest fires) makes carbon available in the atmosphere. It is usually released in the form of either carbon dioxide or carbon monoxide.
