Not all inspired air reaches the alveoli; 150 ml is stopped in the airway leading to the alveoli. This is called dead air space.
Alveoli are the tiny air sacs present all over the lungs. These are supposed to increase the surface area of the lungs so as to increase the amount of inhaled air. The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place through these alveoli.
Dead air space is the unventilated area where air circulation does not take place. This air is supposed to be get trapped somewhere in the respiratory pathway or it reaches an alveoli that is poorly perfused. The dead air space can be of two types: anatomical dead space and physiologic dead space.
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Answer:
Rough endoplasmic reticulum extends from the nucleus to the cell membrane and holds ribosome at its surface.
Explanation:
Endoplasmic reticulum is of 2 types rough endoplasmic reticulum and smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
Rough endoplasmic reticulum is named so because it contain ribosome on its surface as a result rough endoplasmic reticulum play a significant role during translation or protein biosynthesis.
Rough endoplasmic reticulum extends from the nucleus that"s why most of the proteins of rough endoplasmic reticulum is accessed by the nucleus and if any proteins of RER or rough endoplasmic reticulum is not properly folded or misfolded then specific signals are send from nucleus for the correct folding of proteins of RER.
Prokaryotic bacteria are surrounded by a cell membrane that contains the transport proteins to regulate the entry and exit of materials through the cell, the cell wall to help maintain cell shape and structure, and the capsule, which aids against drying out and protects bacteria from a host's immune system.
<h3><u>Explanation:</u></h3>
Bacteria are the prokaryotic organisms that are found in every part of Earth. These organisms do have an interesting ultrastructure. The coverings of the bacteria are three in layer. They are
A. The outer capsule.
B. The middle cell wall.
C. The inner cell membrane.
The capsule is the outermost covering of bacteria that is formed of different slimy materials. These materials contains hygroscopic substances which can absorb water from the surroundings even when the water concentration in outside is very very low. This layer of protection outside bacteria help them to protect themselves against drying out at dry conditions.
The middle cell wall is formed of polymers of N acetyl glucosamine and N acetyl muramic acid. This layer is chitin in nature and is strong enough to maintain the shape and size of bacteria irrespective of outer conditions.
The innermost layer of bacteria is cell membrane which is formed of proteins and lipids bilayer and this cell membrane contains different transport for proteins which help in transport of different substances like water and nutrients inside the cell by means of active transport or passive diffusion.
Answer: Ectotherms depend on external heat sources. Their body temperature changes with the temperature of the environment. Endotherms generated heat internally to maintain body temperature.
Explanation:
The amygdala is found in each temporal lobe and is involved with the limbic system. The amygdala is found in the medial temporal lobe, immediately prior to the hippocampus. The temporal lobes are the second biggest lobes, located behind the ears. They are most typically related with the processing of auditory information and memory encoding.
The temporal lobes' primary roles include language comprehension, memory acquisition, face recognition, object recognition, perception, and auditory information processing amygdala. The temporal lobe is in charge of understanding and assigning meaning to different sounds. As a result, injury to the left temporal lobe often leads to issues understanding language.
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