(c) Write the balanced neutralization reaction and calculate the volume in mL of a 1.420 M NaOH solution required to titrate 25.
1 answer:
Answer:
2NaOH + H₂SO₄ → Na₂SO₄ + 2H₂O
190.14 mL of the NaOH solution would be required.
Explanation:
The balanced reaction is:
- 2NaOH + H₂SO₄ → Na₂SO₄ + 2H₂O
Now we <u>calculate how many H₂SO₄ moles are there in 25.00 mL of a 5.400 M solution</u>, using the <em>definition of molarity</em>:
- Molarity = moles / liters
- Moles = Molarity * liters
- 25.00 mL * 5.400 M = 135 mmol H₂SO₄
Now we <u>convert H₂SO₄ moles into NaOH moles</u>, using the <em>stoichiometric coefficients of the balanced reaction</em>:
- 135 mmol H₂SO₄ *
= 270 mmol NaOH
Finally we <u>calculate the volume of a 1.420 M solution that would contain 270 mmoles</u>:
- Molarity = moles / liters
- liters = moles / molarity
- 270 mmol / 1.420 M = 190.14 mL
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NOTICE: There are attachments attached to this answer that is mentioned in each paragraph!
We frequently see DNA replication as a well-organized, methodical process, much like a production line. It's not. For the DNA polymerase to read it, the DNA must not lie in a straight line and must be in motion, not static. It is curled and twisted. First, realize that this is a molecular issue. Bacteria lack neurons, cannot "think," and cannot make decisions. Everything is a chemical reaction, and chemical reactions frequently depend on one concentration's osmotic pressure being higher than another, both inside the cell and outside. Even at that level, there is a lot of "nothing," albeit nothing is empty. For a better understanding of the environment, picture a cell as a large room filled with balls of all sizes. Each ball has a unique form and isn't spherical; some balls fit together flawlessly while others don't. This is the easiest way to conceptualize the universe of molecular chemistry. There is never "nothing" other than in space when you push your way through layers upon layers of free oxygen, free nitrogen, helium, carbon dioxide, hydrogen dioxide, argon, methane, etc. when you walk through what we term "air."
Replication mistakes happen. Sometimes DNA polymerase enzymes add the incorrect nucleotide, too many, or too few nucleotides to a sequence. Or the DNA polymerase gets looped on the same strand, adding a few codons in a repetition before the strand slips away and it continues, or there is a tangle of crossing DNA and it jumps to the incorrect thread and back (or never), etc. In order to ensure that the bases added to a developing strand are appropriately matched with their complements, DNA polymerase enzymes are quite picky about the nucleotides they choose to use. However, these enzymes do make errors. Specifically, at a rate of around 1 per 100,000 nucleotides. Doesn't sound like much, but since each diploid cell has 6 billion base pairs, there are around 120,000 errors every cell division.
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<em>(ATTATCHMENT #1)</em>
