Because the have hollow bones, feathers, wings, beaks, and they lay eggs
A disturbance would be things like lava, flows, newly formed sand dunes, or rocks left from a retreating glacier. These are disturbances because Primary Successions happen in lifeless areas, which soil is incapable of sustaining life.
If being short is the dominant trait, then you should expect the offspring to also be short.
This is because the traits are spread out as four different possibilities. Either FF, FF, Ff, or Ff. If the dominant trait is being short, “F” then this would mask the recessive trait “f”.
