Answer:
Explanation:
The switch from glutamic acid to valine in position 6 of hemoglobin (HB) forms the basis of sickle cell anemia disease pathology.
Valine is hydrophobic and it's chain is shorter than glutamic acid. The lack of the carboxylic acid and shortness of valine will result in loss of the ionic interactions formed between the glutamic acid's carboxylic group and other amino acids. A hydrophobic cavity will form in the beta sheet of HB due to the short and hydrophobic structure of valine. For these reasons, the HB molecule will be less stable and insoluble in water. The insolubility is thought to be caused by fibril formation between the valine interacting with hydrophobic pocket residues of the adjacent HB molecule. This would in turn affect binding of oxygen to HB.
Answer:
Having a repetitive enzyme system would allow more than one enzyme to catalyze a particular reaction. If one of the types of enzyme is not able to perform its function due to temperature or any other factor, then another kind of enzyme would be able to catalyze the reaction. Hence, having repetitive enzyme systems is very effective in carrying out the metabolic functions of the body even when conditions are not favourable.
Answer:
The gases that contribute to the greenhouse effect include water vapor, carbon dioxide (CO2), methane, nitrous oxides, and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). On Earth, human activities are changing the natural greenhouse
Explanation:
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