Answer:

Explanation:
1. pH of original buffer
(a) Calculate pKₐ

(b) Calculate the pH
We can use the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation to get the pH.
![\begin{array}{rcl}\text{pH} & = & \text{pK}_{\text{a}} + \log \left(\dfrac{[\text{A}^{-}]}{\text{[HA]}}\right )\\\\& = & 7.54 +\log \left(\dfrac{0.450}{0.450}\right )\\\\& = & 7.54 + \log1.00 \\ & = & 7.54 + 0.00\\& = & 7.54\\\end{array}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Cbegin%7Barray%7D%7Brcl%7D%5Ctext%7BpH%7D%20%26%20%3D%20%26%20%5Ctext%7BpK%7D_%7B%5Ctext%7Ba%7D%7D%20%2B%20%5Clog%20%5Cleft%28%5Cdfrac%7B%5B%5Ctext%7BA%7D%5E%7B-%7D%5D%7D%7B%5Ctext%7B%5BHA%5D%7D%7D%5Cright%20%29%5C%5C%5C%5C%26%20%3D%20%26%207.54%20%2B%5Clog%20%5Cleft%28%5Cdfrac%7B0.450%7D%7B0.450%7D%5Cright%20%29%5C%5C%5C%5C%26%20%3D%20%26%207.54%20%2B%20%5Clog1.00%20%5C%5C%20%26%20%3D%20%26%207.54%20%2B%200.00%5C%5C%26%20%3D%20%26%207.54%5C%5C%5Cend%7Barray%7D)
2. pH after adding strong base
(a) Find new composition of the buffer
The base reacts with the HA and forms A⁻

HA + OH⁻ ⟶ A⁻ + H₂O
I/mmol: 450 40 450
C/mmol: -40 -40 40
E/mmol: 410 0 490
(b) Find the new pH
![\begin{array}{rcl}\text{pH} & = & \text{pK}_{\text{a}} + \log \left(\dfrac{[\text{A}^{-}]}{\text{[HA]}}\right )\\\\& = & 7.54 +\log \left(\dfrac{490}{410}\right )\\\\& = & 7.54 + \log1.195 \\& = & 7.54 +0.0774\\& = & \mathbf{7.62}\\\end{array}\\\text{The new pH is $\large \boxed{\textbf{7.62}}$}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Cbegin%7Barray%7D%7Brcl%7D%5Ctext%7BpH%7D%20%26%20%3D%20%26%20%5Ctext%7BpK%7D_%7B%5Ctext%7Ba%7D%7D%20%2B%20%5Clog%20%5Cleft%28%5Cdfrac%7B%5B%5Ctext%7BA%7D%5E%7B-%7D%5D%7D%7B%5Ctext%7B%5BHA%5D%7D%7D%5Cright%20%29%5C%5C%5C%5C%26%20%3D%20%26%207.54%20%2B%5Clog%20%5Cleft%28%5Cdfrac%7B490%7D%7B410%7D%5Cright%20%29%5C%5C%5C%5C%26%20%3D%20%26%207.54%20%2B%20%5Clog1.195%20%5C%5C%26%20%3D%20%26%207.54%20%2B0.0774%5C%5C%26%20%3D%20%26%20%5Cmathbf%7B7.62%7D%5C%5C%5Cend%7Barray%7D%5C%5C%5Ctext%7BThe%20new%20pH%20is%20%24%5Clarge%20%5Cboxed%7B%5Ctextbf%7B7.62%7D%7D%24%7D)
What kind of control like scientific?
Answer:
B. Polar Easterlies
C. Sub polar low
D. Prevailing westerlies
E. Sub tropical high
F. Tropical easterlies
G. Inter tropical convergence zone
H. Tropical easterlies
I. Sub tropical high
J. Prevailing westerlies
K. Sub polar low
L. Polar easterlies
Explanation: