Answer:
Two different ways in which antiretroviral drugs can prevent the formation of new viruses are:
- Inhibiting the reverse transcriptase enzyme in both nucleoside analogues and non-nucleoside analogues.
- Enzymatic inhibition of integrase enzymes.
Explanation:
Antiretroviral drugs are those used for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, making the effect of the virus on the host cell is less and preventing the development of AIDS.
This type of drug has been classified, according to their mechanism of action, being grouped into several families of drugs. Two different ways by which antiretroviral drugs can prevent the formation of virus are:
- <em><u>Inhibition of reverse transcriptase enzyme</u></em><em>: this enzyme is a DNA polymerase capable of forming single strand viral RNA by a process that is reverse to normal DNA to RNA transcription. Its inhibition prevents the formation of viral particles in the host cell. They are divided into nucleoside analogs and non-nucleoside analogs.</em>
- <em><u>Enzymatic Inhibition of Integrase enzymes</u></em><em>: this type of enzyme is contained in the virus, and is capable of causing a retrotranscribed DNA to integrate into the host cell's DNA so that viral replication occurs. Its inhibition prevents the replication process.</em>
The most effective treatments against HIV infection involve the use of two or more types of antiretroviral drugs.
I believe it is Amy's, because you said Amy's target heart rate zone is 140bpm -- 186bpm. Thus, Amy's is higher
Answer:
Option (e).
Explanation:
Nervous system is one of the most important systems of the organism that helps them to respond them towards the environment. The nervous system includes the brain, spinal cord and all the neurons.
Nervous system is present in highly complex organism and increases in complexity in case of higher animals. Lower animals do not have nervous system but still they respond to their environment with the help of chemical and receptor. Hence, all the animals have the ability to respond towards the environment.
Thus, the answer is option (e).
Answer:
Sleep debt
Explanation:
Sleep debt is the name given to the difference between the amount of sleep the human body needs to rest and the amount of sleep individuals can get from day to day commitments. It can also be defined as the difference between the amount of sleep achieved and the amount needed to keep vigil alert during the day when the amount reached is less than the amount needed.
Decreased sleep for various reasons creates a kind of debt to the body that can hardly be paid. This debt alters the body by weakening the immune system, inducing the person to have diabetes, morbid obesity, heart disease, memory impairment, poor concentration, vision problems, and sleep that never goes away. Such manifestations resulting from sleep debt may occur in the short and long term, depending on the individual's rhythm of life and the debt they have with the body. As this debt increases, so do the signals.
Answer:
ostracism
Explanation:
ostracism is the answer because it means to be separated or excluded from a society or group.
