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Aleksandr-060686 [28]
3 years ago
6

Explain mutations and how they can cause genetic disease

Biology
1 answer:
nadya68 [22]3 years ago
5 0
Answer:

A mutation is a change in a DNA sequence. Mutations can result from DNA copying mistakes made during cell division, exposure to ionizing radiation, exposure to chemicals
called mutagens, or infection by viruses. Germ line mutations occur in the eggs and sperm and can be passed on to offspring, while somatic mutations occur in body cells and are not passed on.

Mutation has been the source of many Hollywood movies, but it's really a simple process of a mistake made in a DNA sequence as it's being copied. Some of that's just the background noise that DNA copying is not perfect, and we should be glad of that or evolution couldn't operate. But mutation can also be induced by things like radiation or carcinogens in a way that can increase the risk of cancers or birth defects. But it's pretty simple; it's basically an induced misspelling of the DNA sequence.
That's a mutation.


When a variant alters a protein that plays a critical role in the body, it can disrupt normal development or cause a health condition. A condition caused by variants in one or more genes is called a genetic disorder. In some cases, gene variants are so severe that they prevent an embryo from surviving until birth.

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If a cells nucleus has 55% adenine bases, how many cytosine bases will be present?
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If a cell’s nucleus has 55% adenine bases it also has 55% thymine bases, so the percentage of cytosine bases is 45% as same as  guanine bases.

This is known as Chargaff's rule which states that DNA should have a 1:1 ratio of pyrimidine and purine bases (the amount of guanine should be equal to cytosine and the same thing with adenine and thymine).

DNA molecule globally has percentage base pair equality: %A = %T and %G = %C.

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3 years ago
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1. B

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5. A but i'm not sure

6. <span>A high degree of illegal drug use among young adults

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8 0
3 years ago
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In what way are all living organisms on Earth similar? A. They are all made from a code based on unsaturated fatty acids. B. The
satela [25.4K]
C. They are all assemblers from a nucleus acid code
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If a diploid tomato cell has 24 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will the tomato's sex cells have?a.12c.24b.6d.48
oksano4ka [1.4K]

Answer:

12!

Explanation:

Sex cells only carry half of what makes up the organism's DNA. This is so that when they find a mate, in this case- another tomato, their sex cells and their partner's sex cells will add up to the appropriate amount of chromosomes in the organism's DNA. In this case, 24.

7 0
3 years ago
Describe the process of light-independent
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Explanation:

  1. Light energy is absorbed and transferred to the reaction center.
  2. A water molecule is split.
  3. Electrons are transferred from photosystem II to photosystem I.
  4. ATP is synthesized from ADP and inorganic phosphate.

Output: ATP, NADPH, O2

Further Explanation:

Photosynthesis is a chemical pathway that’s integral to producing energy in plants and other primary producers. Energy in the form of molecules of glucose is produced from light, water and carbon dioxide while oxygen is released. This occurs in several complex steps, photosynthesis is a rate limited reaction, depends on several factors including carbon dioxide concentration, ambient temperature and light intensity; the energy is retrieved from photons, I.e. particles of light, and water is used as a reducing agent. This occurs in the thykaloids, where pigment molecules like chlorophyll reside.

The chloroplast is a membrane bound organelle found in plants. It contains several invaginations of a plasma membrane called the thylakoid membrane. This contains chlorophyll pigments, in stacks called granum, while the internal spaces of the organelle are called the lumen. Liquid surrounds the granum, forming the stroma.

During the light reaction:

  • Light is absorbed by pigments in phosystem II (PSII). This energy is transferred among pigments til it gets to the reaction center, and is transferred to P680; this promotes an electron to a higher energy level where it then goes to an acceptor molecule.
  • Water supplies the chlorophyll in plant cell with replacement electrons for the ones removed from photosystem II. Additionally, water (H2O) split by light during photolysis into H+ and OH- acts as a source of oxygen along with functioning as a reducing agent.
  • the electron moves down an electron transport chain (to PS I)where it experiences continuous energy loss. This energy fuels the pumping of H+ from the stroma to thykaloid, leading to the formation of a gradient. The H+ move along their gradient and cross through ATP synthase, into the the stroma.
  • ATP synthase converts ADP and Pi to the energy storage molecule ATP.
  • The electron gets to photosystem I where it goes to pigments at P700. It absorbs light energy, the electron is promoted to a higher energy level, and passed to an electron acceptor. This leaves a space for another electron which is then replaced by one from photosystem II.
  • in the ETC, the molecule NADP is reduced to NADPH by providing H+ ions. NADP and NADPH are integral to the Calvin cycle where monosaccharides or sugars like glucose are produced after the modification of several molecules.

Learn more about Photosynthesis at brainly.com/question/4216541

Learn more about cellular life at brainly.com/question/11259903

#LearnWithBrainly

Learn more about Photosynthesis at brainly.com/question/4216541

Learn more about cellular life at brainly.com/question/11259903

#LearnWithBrainly

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