That kind of fallacy is called Argumentum ad Hominem. It means the argument is addressed to the person; attacking that person instead the issue. There is an irrelevance because the argument is against to the person making a claim, rather against to the claim itself. An example is judging a person's social status or attitude, like calling his strategies aren't effective to finish a certain task because of his untidiness and laziness.
Answer:
Primary
Explanation:
In psychology and operant conditioning, the term Primary reinforcer refers to the biological reinforcers that determine our behavior. In other words, they are part of our nature and reinforce behaviors in a natural way without a process of learning from us, since they are, by themselves, satisfying a biological need. Therefore, they have innate reinforcing qualities. Examples of these reinforcers would be: food, sex, water, sleep.
Therefore, in operant conditioning, a primary reinforcer is innately reinforcing, often by satisfying a biological need.
Answer:
a. the spacing effect
Explanation:
The spacing effect: In psychology, the term spacing effect was first introduced by a German psychologist named Hermann Ebbinghaus, and is defined as the phenomenon which suggests that the long-term memory of an individual is increased when the learning related to different events are being spaced apart in interval of time instead of occurrence in immediate succession.
Example: Remembering items in a list.
In the question above, the given statement illustrates the spacing effect.
<u>Answer:
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A reaction in which the reactants have more energy than the products is always an Endothermic reaction.
<u>Explanation:</u>
The word "exothermic" means "turning out".In endothemic reaction, less amount of energy is sufficient to break the bonds that exist between the reactants when compared to the amount of energy that is formed when new bonds are created.
The chemical energy that is stored within a product is nothing but its potential energy that can later be released. An example of an endothermic reaction is the burning of wood. when you burn wood, you can see that it releases energy in the form of heat and this warms up the surrounding environment.
Answer:
C. Researchers can publish data about specific participants in local newspapers if the descriptions are flattering ones.
Explanation:
Ethical practices involves certain principles like honesty, integrity, and security to information taken from various persons.
Researchers when performing their task of research includes collecting data from people about their personal information, shall keep such information safe and secure. It is needless to say that the information should not be publicly exposed.
In the chosen sentence, researchers choose it to publish the data about their participants without their discretion, and that practice shall be considered as unethical.
